Uma kukhona isitayela esisodwa esingasoze saphela futhi esihlala sibuya ngamandla, yiso isimanje saphakathi nekhulu leminyaka sisetshenziswa ekuhlobiseni ikhayaInhle kakhulu ngaphandle kokuzikhukhumeza, iyasebenza ngaphandle kokubanda, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. hlanganisa nezinye izitayela njengeNordic, ubuncane obufudumele noma isitayela sezimboni esilula.
Lesi sitayela sokuhlobisa, esasungulwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-50 eyedlule, sifanelana kahle efulethini elincane njengasendlini enkulu. Ngenxa yaso imigqa ehlanzekile, izinto ezithembekile, kanye nombala olinganiselayoIkuvumela ukuthi wakhe izindlu ezingapheli, ezimukelayo nezilungele ukuhlala abantu, lapho konke kunesizathu futhi kungekho okungadingekile.
Iyini isitayela sesimanje sekhulu lama-20 futhi sivelaphi?
Uma sikhuluma ngesimanje se-mid-century sibhekisela ku- umklamo waphakathi nekhulu lama-20, cishe phakathi kweminyaka yama-1940 nama-1960, inkathi ephawulwe yisikhathi sangemva kwempi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kanye nesidingo sokwakha nokuhlomisa izindlu ngokushesha, ngokusebenza nangokungabizi, kodwa ngaphandle kokulahla ubuhle.
Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, abaklami abaningi baseYurophu nabaklami baxhumene ne- I-Bauhaus, i-rationalism kanye nokusebenza Bathuthela e-United States. Amagama anjengoLe Corbusier noma uMies van der Rohe aletha indlela entsha yokuqonda izindlu: ukuhlobisa okungadingekile, ukusebenziseka okwengeziwe, ukukhanya okwengeziwe, ukuxhumana okwengeziwe nengaphandle.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, eNyakatho Melika naseNyakatho Yurophu, kwaqala ukwakhiwa izindlu ezilinganiselwe nezingabizi ukuze kuhlaliswe amasosha abuya empini kanye nemindeni yawo. Lezi zindlu zazivame ukwakhiwa nge- isakhiwo esinesitezi esisodwa esinamafasitela amakhulu, amapulani avulekile, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okuqinile nemvelo Lokho kwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kuyisisekelo sesitayela sesimanje sangekhulu lama-20, njengoba kubonisa abaningana. izibonelo zezindlu ezixhumene nezwe.
Nakuba leli gama lathandwa kamuva, kwaba ngumklami uCara Greenberg owaqamba lo mbono ngo-1984 ngencwadi yakhe. “Ifenisha Yesimanje YasePhakathi Nekhulu. Yawo-1950”, igxile efenisha yaleyo minyaka eyishumi. Kusukela lapho, lo mqondo wasungulwa njengelebula elibhekisela kulolo sethi yezimo, izinto zokwakha, nemibala ebonakala kakhulu.
Izimiso ezibalulekile zesitayela sesimanje sangekhulu lama-20
Isimanje sekhulu lama-50 asigcini nje ngokuphathelene "nefenisha yango-1950," kodwa ifilosofi yomhlaba wonke ethonya indlela izikhala eziklanywe ngayo. Singafingqwa ngemibono emithathu eyinhloko: ukusebenza, ubulula kanye nokuxhumana nemvelo.
Umsebenzi ngaphambi kwefomu (kodwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umklamo)
Ngale ndlela, ucezu ngalunye kanye nokwakheka ngakunye kuphendula ngenhloso ecacile: ukuthi indlu isebenza kahle nsuku zonkeIfenisha ayiklanyelwe ukuhlobisa kuphela; konke kumele kufeze injongo ethile, kodwa kuthathwa ukucophelela okukhulu ngobuhle bayo. Namuhla, kufunwa izixazululo ezisebenzayo neziguquguqukayo, njengalezo ezinconywe kumhlahlandlela ka ifenisha ebalulekile kanye nezesekeli okwekhaya.
Izithonjana zaphakathi nekhulu leminyaka zazifuna isithombe esasiyisikhathi esizayo ngisho nangesikhathi saso, esekelwe emigqeni yejometri ehlanzekile kakhulu noma yemveloKodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi sicabanga ngokusebenziseka. Lowo mqondo usaphila kakhulu namuhla, lapho sidinga khona igumbi lokuphumula libe yihhovisi, indawo yokudlala, noma ijimu, nokuthi ifenisha ivumelane nemisebenzi eyahlukahlukene.
Ukulula nokwenqaba imihlobiso eyeqile
I-Mid-century modern iyinkulumo ephelele yokuthi "okuncane kukhulu." Ingaphakathi layo libonakala ngokuthi izindawo ezicacile, ukungabikho kwezindleko ezengeziwe kanye nokuhlobisa okuncaneUmklamo uthanda izithunzi ezicacile, izilinganiso ezilinganiselayo, kanye nezinto ezimbalwa kakhulu, kodwa ezikhethwe kahle.
Lokho kuhlanzeka okusemthethweni, okusekelwe ku imigqa eqondile, amajika abushelelezi, kanye namajiyometri alulaYilokhu okwenza lesi sitayela sibe yisikhathi esihle kangaka futhi singabukeki siphelelwe yisikhathi. Ngenxa yokuthi asincikile ekuqhakazeni kokuhlobisa noma ezimfashinini ezidlulayo, sihlala sibalulekile amashumi eminyaka alandelanayo.
Ijiyometri nesakhiwo kuyaboniswa
Njengokuzibophezela ekuthembekeni okwakhayo, i-midcentury ayinankinga yokuveza izinsika zokhuni, izinsika zensimbi, noma izindonga zezitini eziveziweIsakhiwo sendlu siba umhlobiso ngokwaso.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphrinta kanye nokwemboza kuncike kakhulu amaphethini alula ejometriOnxantathu, ama-rhombuse, imigqa evundlile, ama-mosaic. Zisetshenziswa kokubili phansi (amathayili e-hydraulic, ama-mosaic) kanye nasezindwangu noma kumaphephadonga, kodwa njalo ngokulinganisela ukuze zingagcwalisi imvelo.
Ubudlelwano obungenamthungo phakathi kwengaphakathi nengaphandle
Esinye sezici ezinamandla kakhulu zesimanjemanje saphakathi nekhulu leminyaka yisifiso saso sokufiphaza umngcele phakathi kwangaphakathi nangaphandle. Sifuna ukugcwala izikhala ngokukhanya kwemvelo kanye... Izingadi, ama-patio noma ama-terrace acishe abe yingxenye yegumbi lokuphumula noma legumbi lokudlela.
Ukuze kufezwe lokhu, kuvulwa amafasitela amakhulu, bese kukhishwa isikhala. amakhethini anzima noma amakhethini angacacile kahle Kukhethwa izindwangu ezilula (ilineni, ukotini). Ukukhanya akugcini nje ngokukhanyisa, kodwa futhi kuba yinto yokuhlobisa ebumba amavolumu futhi ithuthukise izinto ezifana nokhuni noma ithusi.
Ukuvundlile kanye nezindawo ezivulekile
Ngokungafani nezindlu ezihlukaniswe kakhulu ezinophahla oluhlotshisiwe, isitayela sangekhulu lama-20 siyaphinda sitholakale izikhala ezinkulu, eziqhubekayoAmakamelo okuhlala axhumene namakamelo okudlela namakhishi, ukujikeleza kwegazi kuyashintshashintsha futhi kudalwa umuzwa ovulekile kakhulu ovundlile.
Namuhla, ekuvuseleleni okuningi, lokhu kuholela ekubhidlizeni izingxenye ezingadingekile nokusebenzisa izivalo zengilazi ezilula noma ama-lattice okhuni Uma ufuna ukuhlukanisa izikhala ngaphandle kokulahla ukukhanya nomuzwa wobubanzi. Uma ufuna ugqozi lokwakha ngalezi zixazululo, ungabona imibono yephrojekthi yokwakha.
Iphalethi yemibala yesitayela sekhulu lama-midcentury kanye nezindwangu
Imibala yesimanje yaphakathi nekhulu leminyaka ayibalulekile kangako, kodwa ayiyona into eyisicefe. Cishe njalo iqala kusukela imibala engathathi hlangothi kanye nemibala yokhuni njengesizinda, lapho kungeniswa khona amanothi aqinile ukuze kuphile futhi kujule.
Ama-neutral afudumele njengendwangu eyinhloko
Ezindongeni, ophahleni nasezindaweni ezinkulu, kusetshenziswa okumhlophe okungacacile, okumpunga okuthambile, isihlabathi noma i-beige, kuhlanganiswe nokufudumala kwe- izinkuni ze-teak, i-walnut noma i-oki elulaUkuze ukhethe ukhuni olufanele ngokwesitayela sokuhlobisa, kungcono ukubonisana nomhlahlandlela mayelana uhlobo olufanele lwezinkuniLokhu kudala umoya othule nokhanyayo okwenza amakamelo abonakale emakhulu.
Le ndlela "yokukhuluma ngezwi" iqukethe dlala ngamandla ahlukene ombala ofanayo noma ububanzi obufanayo (isibonelo, imibala ehlukahlukene ye-beige kanye ne-brown) ukudala ukujula ngaphandle kokukhungathekisa. Kuhle kakhulu emakamelweni okuhlala noma emakamelweni okulala lapho kudingeka khona isimo esizolile.
Ukuthinta okunamandla kanye nemibala yomhlaba
Ngaphansi kwalesi simo esingathathi hlangothi, imfashini yesimanje yangekhulu eliphakathi iletha imibala egqamile. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu. ophuzi be-mustard, amawolintshi ashisiwe, imifino yomnqumo, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngephethiloli, noma imibala ebomvuikakhulukazi ezindwangu, emikhushini, ezihlalweni, noma emidwebweni yodonga. Imidwebo kanye amafilimu ezithombe Ziyindlela ephelele yokwethula lokho kuthinta kombala ngaphandle kokulayisha ngokweqile.
Izindwangu: i-velvet, ilineni kanye nemicu yemvelo
E-upholstery, isitayela sekhulu lama-20 sihlanganisa izinto zokwakha nokuba khona, njengokuthi i-velvet kusofa noma ezihlalweni ezinemibala egqamilengezindwangu zemvelo ezifana nelineni kanye nekotini emakhethini nasemakhushini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka okufana omakapeti beboya, amakhaphethi amakhulu noma ama-poufs asezingeni eliphezuluezinikeza induduzo futhi ziphule ukuqina kwemigqa eqondile. Kwezinye izimo, kusetshenziswa imicu ye-macrame, i-wicker, noma yezitshalo, ikakhulukazi kubhasikidi kanye nezesekeli ezincane.
Amaphrinta: i-geometry kanye nokubambelela emvelweni
Amaphethini avelele kakhulu yi-geometric: ama-rhombuse, imibuthano, imigqa ephukile, ukwakheka okungacacileNgokuvamile zivela kumaphephadonga, amakhaphethi noma amakhushini, futhi kuyalulekwa ukuthi uzisebenzise ngokuzibamba ukuze ungagqibi igumbi.
Ezindwangu kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, okulandelayo nakho kwakujwayelekile: ama-motifs aphefumulelwe imvelo (Amaqabunga, amagatsha, izilwane ezihlotshiswe ngesitayela) kanye namaphephadonga abekwe ezindaweni ezincane, ezihlelekile—njengendawo yokungena noma indlu yokugezela encane—esikhundleni sokumboza izindonga zonke, kuseyindlela enhle yokwengeza ubuntu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imali eningi. Ukuze uthole imibono yokuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani izithombe zakudala ekuhlobiseni, bheka Izithombe zakudala zomklami.
Izinto ezibalulekile zesimanje zekhulu lama-20
Uma bekufanele sifingqe izinto zalesi sitayela ngomusho owodwa, besingasho ukuthi sihlanganisa Izinkuni eziningi, izinsimbi ezifudumele, kanye nemininingwane ethambile yezimboniKonke lokhu kunezinto eziqediwe ngokuvamile ezingacwebezeli noma ezicwebezelayo.
UWood: umlingiswa oyinhloko
Izinkuni ziyinkosi yezinto zokwakha, kokubili phansi kanye nefenisha, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zokumboza udonga. Izinkuni [zohlobo oluthile] ziyathandwa. ithoni ephakathi noma elula njenge-teak ne-walnutenemithambo ebonakalayo kanye nokuqedwa kwemvelo, ngaphandle kwama-varnish akhazimula ngokweqile.
Ama-sideboard, amatafula okudlela, izitendi ze-TV, amabhokisi amadrowa, nama-headboard ngokuvamile enziwe ngokhuni oluqinile noma i-veneer yekhwalithi enhle, enemiklamo elula nemilenze emincane. Kuvamile futhi ukumboza udonga egumbini lokuphumula noma ekamelweni lokudlela ngezigxobo zokhuni mpo noma ngokuvundlile ukuze kugcizelelwe ukufudumala.
Izinsimbi ezifudumele: ithusi, ithusi, kanye nethusi elimnyama
Esinye isici esivamile saphakathi nekhulu leminyaka ukusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi ezinegolide elithambile, ikakhulukazi ithusi nethusiZifakwe ezibani, ezibukweni, ezibambweni, ozimeleni, emilenzeni yetafula noma yesihlalo kanye nezinto ezincane zokuhlobisa.
Maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka, ithusi labhekana nokukhula kwangempela: ozimele bezithombe, izithombe zokuhlobisa, izakhiwo zezibani... cishe konke kwakugcwele ngale ndlela. Namuhla isasetshenziswa, kodwa ilingana nezinye izinto futhi igwema ukuqedwa kwe-chrome ebandayo, okungokwezikhathi zakamuva.
Ezinye izinto: ingilazi, isikhumba, izinto zobumba kanye nemicu
Ingilazi, ikakhulukazi ingilazi ekhanyayo noma ebhema kancane, ivela ku- amatafula ekhofi, amakhabethe okubonisa alula kanye nezihlukanisi zegumbi (njengezindawo zokuvala zasekhishini). Ivumela ukukhanya ukuthi kujikeleze futhi igcina umuzwa wobubanzi.
Isikhumba, ikakhulukazi ngemibala ye-cognac noma onsundu omnyama, sivame kakhulu izihlalo zezandla, amasofa nezihlalookwenza kube nomuzwa wesikhathi esidlule ocacile. Izinto zobumba nezobumba zivela ezitsheni, ezibanini, nasezingcezwini ezenziwe ngezandla, kuyilapho i-wicker nentambo kugcinelwe izihlalo eziseceleni noma izesekeli; uma unentshisekelo kulezi zinto, ungabona izibonelo zalokhu izihlalo ze-wicker ne-rattan.
Injani ifenisha yesimanje yangekhulu lama-20?
Ifenisha cishe yinto yokuqala esiyiqaphelayo uma sicabanga ngalesi sitayela. Yakhiwe ngezingcezu ezine Imigqa ehlanzekile, imilenze ephakanyisiwe, kanye nebhalansi ephelele phakathi kokukhanya okubonakalayo nokuqina kwangempela.
Izimo ezilula, imigqa ehlanzekile, futhi akukho ukuhlotshiswa
Izingcezu zekhulu lama-20 zigwema ukubumba, ukubaza, kanye nokuhlobisa. Imiklamo yazo isekelwe ku imigqa eqondile ehlanganiswe namajika abushelelezi kanye namavolumu acacile ejometriIngaphambili livame ukuba bushelelezi, linezibambo ezimbalwa, futhi umbala wemvelo wokhuni uyagcinwa. Uma ungathanda ukubona izibonelo zalokhu Ifenisha yekhulu leminyaka eliphakathi yegumbi lokuphumulaUzoba nezinketho eziningi zokukukhuthaza.
Lokhu kugxila ezintweni ezibalulekile kuvumela ifenisha ukuthi ihlanganiswe kalula nezindlu zesimanje futhi ihlanganiswe kahle nezinye izitayela ezithanda ukulula, njengeScandinavian noma iJapandi.
Imilenze ephakeme kanye nomuzwa wokukhanya
Isici esikhethekile kakhulu sefenisha yangekhulu lama-20 ukuthi Iningi labo limi ngemilenze emide, emincaneKungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziyindilinga noma ziyinsimbi, lokhu kushiya phansi kubonakale, kwenza kube lula ukuhlanza, futhi kudala umbono wokuthi indawo ivulekile futhi inomoya.
Uzobona lesi sixazululo emaceleni, osofa, ezihlalweni zezandla, ezitendini ze-TV, kanye nasezindlini zokubeka amadrowa. Lokhu "kukhanya" kungenye yezizathu ezenza isitayela sisebenze kahle kangaka ezindlini ezincane, lapho isentimitha ngalinye libalulekile khona.
Izingcezu ezidumile ezichaza umlingiswa
Ngaphakathi kwesitayela sesimanje saphakathi nekhulu leminyaka, kunezingcezu zefenisha eziye zaba izimpawu zangempela zomklamo wekhulu lama-20. Cishe kuyinto yakudala. faka okungenani ingxenye eyodwa edumile noma ikhophi yayo ukuqinisa umuzwa we-retro.
Phakathi kwaziwa kakhulu yi- Isihlalo se-lounge kanye nesihlalo sika-Eames nguCharles noRay Eames, Isihlalo Sebhola ngu-Eero Aarnio, i Isihlalo sePanton nguVerner Panton noma izihlalo zokhuni ezinezinduku kanye neChandigarhNgokubukeka kwayo okwenziwe ngezandla kodwa okucwengekile kakhulu, okukodwa kwalokhu kwanele ukwengeza ubuntu egumbini lokuphumula lonke; ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvame ukuba yi- Ifenisha yakudala ethuthukisa inani lekhaya lakho lesimanje.
Indlela yokusebenzisa isitayela sesimanje sangekhulu lama-20 ekamelweni ngalinye
Ubuhle besimanje sekhulu lama-20 ukuthi singazivumelanisa nezimo noma yiluphi uhlobo lwendlu: kusukela efulethini elidala elinemibundu kuya efulethini elishaIsihluthulelo ukuhlonipha ingqikithi yendlu futhi uyihlanganise nezinto ezibalulekile zesitayela; ukuze uthole imibono ethile yegumbi lokuphumula, thintana imibono yegumbi lokuphumula.
Isaluni: Inhliziyo Yekhulu Laphakathi
Egumbini lokuphumula, kungcono ukuqala ngezinto eziyisisekelo: izindonga ezikhanyayo, phansi ngaphakathi phansi kwepharquet okugqamisa okusanhlamvu kokhuni (uma kungenzeka, ngomuzwa othile wejometri ekufakweni) kanye nohlelo oluvulekile olubheke egumbini lokudlela noma ekhishini.
Khetha usofa onemigqa elula, onemilenze ebonakalayo, ngaphakathi i-velvet emuthini wesinaphi, oluhlaza okotshani, noma ompunga ofudumeleLihlanganise nesihlalo esidumile, itafula lekhofi eliphansi elinesivalo sokhuni noma sengilazi, kanye nebhodi le-teak noma le-walnut elisebenza njengesici esivelele.
Ukukhanya kungaba yinto yaseshashalazini kodwa kube yinto esebenzayo: izibani zaphansi ezimise okwe-arc, izibani zophahla eziphefumulelwe umklamo I-Sputnik enezingalo zensimbi Izikhonso zodonga zethusi zakha umuzwa wekhulu leminyaka eliphakathi nendawo. Qedela ukubukeka ngokhaphethi wejometri kanye nemidwebo engabonakali ngemibala ehambisanayo.
Igumbi lokudlela: itafula nezihlalo zithatha indawo ephakathi
Ekamelweni lokudlela, kugxilwe etafuleni eliqinile kodwa elikhanyayo elinophahla oluncane kanye imilenze eqondile noma eqondileKungenziwa ngokhuni ngokuphelele noma kuhlanganiswe isakhiwo sensimbi nesingaphezulu sokhuni noma sengilazi.
Zungeza itafula ngezihlalo umklamo wakudala wekhulu lamaphakathiImiklamo ephefumulelwe yi-Eames, izihlalo ezinezinhlaka zokhuni nezihlalo ezilukiwe, noma izingcezu ezifakwe ngezindwangu ezivamile. Ngaphezu kwetafula, isibani esilengayo esineziqephu zengilazi zethusi noma ze-opal sizokhanyisa ukukhanya okufudumele nokukhangayo.
Ikhishi: ukusebenza kahle kanye nemigqa ehlanzekile
Ikhishi lesimanje laphakathi nekhulu leminyaka lithanda izinhlangothi ezibushelelezi, ezingenazo izibambo ezibonakalayo noma ezinezibambo izibambo ezingabonakali kakhulu zensimbi yegolide emnyamaImibala evame kakhulu imhlophe, imibala yesihlabathi, noma ompunga, ihlanganiswe nama-countertop enziwe ngokhuni noma ngamatshe alula. Uma ufuna imibono ye- ikhishi laphakathi nekhulu leminyakaUngabona iziphakamiso ezinemibala ejabulisayo nezixazululo ezisebenzayo ku amakhishi aphakathi nekhulu leminyaka.
Uma ihlanganiswe negumbi lokuphumula, kungcono ukugcina izinto ziqhubeka phansi futhi unake ukukhanya: izibani zodonga zensimbi, izibani ezimise okwebhola noma imigoqo yokukhanya eqondile Ziqeda lesi sigameko. Imininingwane embalwa enemibala emashalofini avulekile noma ematafuleni aboniswayo izokwanela ukusenza siphile.
Igumbi lokulala: ukuzola, ukufudumala kanye nokuhleleka okubonakalayo
Ekamelweni lokulala, umgomo ukudala isimo esiphumuzayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, akukho okudlula i-headboard yokhuni engenalutho kanye namatafula aseceleni kombhede ane... imilenze emide namadrowa alula kanye nephalethi elinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omhlophe kancane kanye nombala womhlaba othambile.
Ikhabethe elineminyango eyisicaba engenafreyimu, izibani zethusi eziseceleni kombhede, kanye nekhaphethi yoboya ngaphansi kombhede kuqedela yonke into. Uma ufuna ukwethula ukunqekuzisa ikhanda okugqamile esitayeleni, ungakhetha iphepha lodonga lejiyometri odongeni lwekhanda noma eduze kwesihlalo esiklanywe ngomklamo kwelinye lamakhona; ngaphezu kwalokho, ziyasiza ekuqedeni isimo sezulu.
Izindlu zangasese nezindawo ezincane: izinto ezithinta amasu
Ezindlini zangasese, emaphaseji, noma ezindleleni zokungena, kungenzeka futhi ukwethula isitayela sesimanje sangekhulu lama-20 esinemininingwane ecacile kakhulu: a isibuko esiyindilinga esinohlaka lwethusi, ikhabethe lokhuni elilengayo, amathayili esitayela se-mosaic noma izibani zodonga eziphefumulelwe yi-retro.
Ezindleleni ezincane zokungena, ibhodi elincane lokhuni, isibani setafula esinesisekelo se-ceramic kanye nomthunzi wendwangu, futhi, uma ukuphakama kuvumela, kusebenza kahle kakhulu. iphepha lodonga elinamaphethini ejiyometri odongeni olulodwa ukuze wengeze uhlamvu ngaphandle kokucindezela isikhala.
Ukukhanyisa: ukuthinta okuhle kwesimanje sangekhulu lama-20
Ukukhanya kungomunye wabalingani abakhulu balesi sitayela, kokubili semvelo nesokwenziwa. Akukhona nje ukubona kahle, kodwa futhi nokudala. izindawo ezinesimo esithile semidlalo kanye nokufudumala.
Emini, okubaluleke kakhulu ukuvumela ukukhanya kwemvelo okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka: amakhethini anzima ayagwenywa futhi kukhethwa ukuthi Amakhethini elineni, ama-light blinds, noma awekho nhlobo amakhethini Ubumfihlo buyavuma. Amafasitela amakhulu axhumanisa indlu nengaphandle futhi avumela izikhala ukuthi ziphefumule.
Ebusuku, ukukhanya kubekwe ngezingqimba: ukukhanya okuvamile ophahleni, imithombo yokukhanya engaqondile (izibani zaphansi, izibani zetafula, izibani zodonga) kanye, ezindaweni ezithile njengegumbi lokudlela, izibani ezilengayo ezinemifanekiso eqoshiweInsimbi yegolide, izimo eziyindilinga, kanye nama-bulb afudumele cishe kuyizimpawu zesitayela.
Lokhu kuhlangana kokukhanya kuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhona ngalinye linomoya walo, ukuthi izinto zibonakala ngokucebile okukhulu, nokuthi ikhaya lithola umuzwa wokwamukelwa nenduduzo, into ehambisana kakhulu nomoya wethemba wango-50.
Lolu hambo lwesitayela sesimanje saphakathi nekhulu lukwenza kucace ukuthi kungani sihlala sibalulekile kangaka: sihlanganisa umklamo ongapheli isikhathi, osebenzayo futhi olula Ngokufudumala okuvumelana kalula nokuphila kwanamuhla, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikhaya lingakanani noma lingakanani, kukuvumela ukuthi wakhe amakhaya anomphefumulo, agcwele ukukhanya, izingcezu ezinobuntu kanye nokuxhumana okukhethekile phakathi kwezakhiwo, ifenisha kanye nendlela yokuphila yangempela ekamelweni ngalinye.
