iKhabhinethi, ña
3m Ifenisha yokhuni ngamadilowa amancane amancane kanye namadilowa, ahlotshiswe ngomsebenzi wokuqopha noma wokuhlobisa, ingxenye yakhe yakhelwe futhi ingxenye inemibala egqamile, ngesitayela salezo ezakhiwe eBargas.
Amakhabethe ayeyifenisha ethandwa kakhulu kwaze kwaba maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Ifenisha ene- umsebenzi omkhulu wobuciko lapho kugcinwa khona amagugu amakhulu afana nemibhalo, izincwadi zokukhokha kanye nezinhlamvu zemali. Enziwe ngokhuni noma nge-walnut futhi esebenzisa amasiko wendabuko kusuka enkathini ngayinye, namuhla ayigugu lomnyuziyamu. Ngabe uyafuna ukwazi umlando wale fenisha?
Umlando omncane
Kwakungesikhathi sekhulu lesi-XNUMX lapho izingcweti zokuqala ze-bargueño zivela eToledo. Inhlangano yayikhona kubuswa amaMoor ukuthi kamuva babezoxoshwa ngaphandle kwezindonga zomuzi. Bachitha isikhathi sokudingiswa kwabo endaweni eyayaziwa ngokuthi yindlu yepulazi iBargas, amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka enhlokodolobha. Futhi ngokuya ngomlando ongakanani ngaleso sikhathi lawa ma-arquilla abizwa ngamakhabethe.
Kodwa-ke, ukuze irekhodi elibhaliwe lehlelo le-bargueño lihlale, kuzofanele silinde i- Ikhulu le-XIX. Kwakungenxa ye-1972, ikakhulukazi, lapho igama livela libhalwe okokuqala kukhathalogi yezinto zobuciko zaseSpain zeVictoria and Albert Museum (London) ezenziwe nguJuan Facundo Riaño. Futhi kuze kwaba ngo-1914 lapho leli gama lafakwa esichazamazwini seRoyal Academy of the Language.
Ama-bargueños ekuqaleni ifenisha yetende. Begcwele amadokhumende, izincwadi zokukhokha, ubucwebe noma imali, bathuthwe ngeminyuzi kwangathi ngamapotimende. Labo ababehamba noCatherine wase-Aragon, omncane kunabo bonke eMakhosini amaKhatholika, owathi eneminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu eyofuna i-Arturo, iNkosana yaseWales, manje sebekhonjiswa ebhokisini lengilazi leNational Museum of Art and Design, iVictoria ne U-Alberto de London. Sebefikile lapho beya khona, babekwa phansi emakamelweni amantombazane ahlala emicushweni eseduze kwabo.
Ngemuva kweminyaka, ikhabethe laliyeka ukuhamba liba yingxenye yefenisha esezigodlweni umbuso waseSpain owawusakazeke kulo lonke elaseYurophu naseMelika. Okwakho, bamkhulise ngokumfaka imilenze. Kwakunjalo futhi ngaleso sikhathi, esazi njengeGolden Age, lapho lezi zingcezu zaziphila isikhathi sazo esihle kakhulu.
Izici ezijwayelekile
Amakhabethe ngokuvamile anakho umzimba we-birch noma we-walnut. UWoods uthonyeka ngokwanele ukunikeza lezi zingcezu zefenisha lezo zimo eziyinkimbinkimbi eziyimpawu futhi kulula ukuzichaphaza. UWoods, yebo, wasebenza ngamasu wendabuko enkathi ngayinye.
Ngokusebenza njengefenisha yasensimini, izilinganiso zayo zazingavami ukudlula imitha ngaphambili nengxenye ngokujula. Khumbula ukuthi bekufanele zibe lula ngokwanele ukuze zilayishwe eminyuzi. Futhi aqukethe phakathi kwamadilowa ayishumi kuya kwayishumi nambili, nokunye okufihliwe ngaphezulu, ukugcina kusuka emalini kuya kumanethi enothando kakhulu.
Amakhabethe, njengenye ifenisha, aguqulelwe ekuthandweni kwezwe ngalinye nesikhathi emlandweni. Ikhabhinethi yekhulu le-XNUMX le-Castilian linomhlobiso we Uhlobo lwePlateresque noma lweMannerist. Umhlobiso lapho kuqoshwa khona ama-motifs ezitshalo kanye / noma izidalwa ezinhle kumqoka. Abanye abaningi balondoloza umhlobiso wethambo oboshwe ngozipho ngethonya likaMudejar ngezingcezu ezincane kakhulu ezimele izigcawu zenkolo noma zasenkantolo. Futhi kukhona, ikakhulukazi ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa elihlanganise zombili izitayela.
Futhi nothando lwezithandani alushiywanga ngaphandle yezitayela amakhabethe ayezivumelanisa nazo. "Izicucu eziningi zaya eValencia, egqamile futhi enogqozi kwezothando, enezigcawu ezikhuluma ngezindaba zothando phakathi kwemindeni yakwaHuerta," kusho uJulio Martí, ingcweti yokugcina ye-bargueño.
Hlobisa ngamakhabethe
IKhabhinethi yayiyifenisha ejwayelekile ezindlini zaseSpain zangaleso sikhathi. Kwamanye, kungatholakala amakhabethe afinyelela kwamathathu noma amane njengoba kungafundwa kuhlu lwezimpahla. Njalo ungene ukuhlala ngasese unikezwe uhlobo lwemibhalo nezinto ezigcinwe kulezi.
Iyiphi indawo enhle kunazo zonke endlini yokubeka ikhabethe? Uma sicabanga ngenhloso yokuthi le fenisha yakhelwe ini, kubonakala kunengqondo ukukucabanga lokho igumbi lokulala, umtapo wolwazi noma isifundo amakamelo afaneleke kakhulu ukusibeka. Eqinisweni, amahhovisi abesilisa namakamelo okulala abesifazane ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyizindawo zawo ezinkulu.
Kodwa-ke, namuhla kuvamile ukuthi noma ngubani oneKhabhinethi ayinikeze i- indawo enelungelo endlini. Kungani? Ngoba lezi zingxenye zefenisha namuhla ziyisiqeshana somlando. Bayakwazi, ngokwabo, ukunikeza impilo kulo lonke udonga. Zizobukeka kahle ehholo, egumbini lokuphumula noma ezansi kwehholo.
Ngabe uyawazi umlando wekhabhinethi? Ungathanda ukuba nocezu olwenziwe ngezandla olufana nalolu ekhaya? Ungayibeka kuphi le fenisha yomlando?